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我们现在在古老的狐尾松林里 Man: We're in the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest,
其高度超过11000英尺 是地球上一些 just over 11, 000 feet, home to some of the oldest
最古老的树木的家园 trees on planet Earth.
现在我周围森林里的树木比埃及的金字塔 The trees in this forest that are surrounding me right now
还要古老 are older than the pyramids in Egypt.
耶稣基督出生之时 它们就活着了 They were alive when Jesus Christ was born.
其中一些树在美国建立时 Some of these trees were already 4, 000 years old
已经有4000年的树龄了 when the United States was born.
它们比几乎所有有记载的历史都要早 They go back further than almost all recorded history.
当你在这样的地方 When you're at a place like this,
你会改变你的视角 it changes your perspective
因为这些树是地球上 because these trees are truly the great
生命的伟大先祖 ancestors of life on Earth.
它们在这里屹立了这么久 They have been here for so long
而且在我离开后 很可能还会在这里待很久 and will more than likely be here long after I'm gone.
世界上很少有一个地方能 And it's very rare to be in a place
让你有这种时间感 where you have that sense of time.
它不仅改变了你对我们在这个星球上的位置 It changes your perspective on not only where we are
和我们作为一个物种所作所为的看法 and what we've done as a species on this planet,
和我们作为一个物种所作所为的看法 and what we ve done as a species on this planet,
还改变了我们将走向何方的看法 but where we might be able to go
第一幕 阿里 第一次拍 Woman: Set one Ari, take one.
说出并描述一下你自己 你是什么 你是谁 Man: Name and describe yourself. What are you? Who are you?
哈哈 我叫阿里·瓦拉赫 Ha ha! My name is Ari Wallach.
我是一个父亲 一个丈夫 在白天 I am a father, a husband, and during the day,
当我没有扮演这两个可能是最重要的角色时 when I'm not doing those two probably most important
我还是一个未来主义者 things, I am a futurist.
我从不在天黑后四处走动 ♪I never walk about after dark ♪
这是我的观点 ♪It's my point of view ♪
因为有人会扭断你的脖子 ♪'Cause someone could break your neck ♪
就在你身后 ♪Coming up behind you ♪
你永远不会提前知道 总是来 and you'd never have a clue♪♪Always coming,
我从不回头看 I never look behind all the time ♪
我会永远等待 ♪ I will wait forever ♪
总是直视 ♪Always looking straight ♪
想着 数着你等待的时间 ♪Thinking, counting all the hours you wait ♪
在成长过程中 我记得我对未来 Wallach: Growing up, I remember feeling
感到非常兴奋 so excited about the future,
没有耐心 实际上是因为我等不及 impatient, actually because I couldn't
它的到来 wait for it to arrive.
传送我上船 Beam me aboard.
我看过的电影和电视节目 Wallach: I watched movies and TV shows
讲述了人类 that told stories of what felt like
不可避免的进步 inevitable human progress,
让我内心充满了希望和可能性 filling me with a sense of hope and possibility.
而且不仅仅是在电视上 And it wasn't just on TV.
我们在发射火箭 We were launching rockets.
市场一片繁荣 Markets were booming.
互联网开始上线 And the Internet was coming online.
希望又回到了美国 Bill Clinton: Hope is back in America.
我们正走在通往21世纪的正确道路上 We are on the right track to the 21st century.
3 2 1 Dick Clark: 3, 2, 1.
2000年快乐 Happy 2000!
下一代和后代人 William McRaven: The next generation
将生活在一个 and the generations that follow will live in a world
比我们今天更好的世界里 far better than the one we have today.
我的工作是作为一名未来学家 Wallach: I went to work as a futurist,
帮助世界各地的政府和大公司 helping governments and major companies
更好地思考和规划 around the world better think about and plan
未来 for the future,
不是为了预测未来 not working to predict the future,
而是着眼于 but looking at long- term trends
整个社会的长期趋势 以及它们的影响 go ing to have across society. and the impacts they were
那是一段激动人心的时光 It was an exciting time.
我真的觉得我们正站在了 And it really did feel like we were on the brink
非凡事物的边缘 of something extraordinary.
新技术将带来前所未有的 New technology was poised to bring about
繁荣和联系 unprecedented prosperity and connection.
繁荣和联系 unprecederted prosperity and connection.
更少的贫困 更多的和平 ess poverty, more peace, and shorter work weeks
更少的贫困 更多的和平 poverty, more peace, and shorter work weeks 0. 06% 0. 06% CAs
更短的工作周都近在咫尺 were all right around the corner.
但后来发生了什么事 或者说什么没有发生 But then something happened, or didn't happen.
而那个未来从未真正出现 And that future never really showed up
我们现在的工作时长增加了 而不是减少了 We are now working more, not less.
我们在技术上的联系越来越紧密 We have become more technologically connected
但分歧也越来越严重 and yet more deeply divided.
长期被忽视的环境破坏的后果 The consequences of long- overlooked
正以可怕的方式显现出来 environmental destruction are showing up in terrifying ways.
我们告诉自己的关于明天的故事 And the stories we tell ourselves
现在都是反乌托邦的故事 about tomorrow are now stories of dystopia
一切都尽数崩溃 where everything falls apart.
我们对明天的感觉已经从兴奋 Our feelings about tomorrow have shifted
变成了恐惧 from excitement to dread.
未来已经变成了一种需要逃避 And the future has become something
而不是需要建立的东西 to avoid rather than to build.
但这些年来 我的工作让我相信 But over the years, my work has convinced me
未来并非不可改变 the future is not set in stone.
我们有能力塑造未来 We have the power to shape it.
所以我才来做这个节目 That's what's led me here to making this show.
我在寻找那些为他们自己 wh o are building better futures I'm looking for the people
为他们的孩子 for themselves, for their kids,
为他们周围的世界而奋斗的人 and for the world around them.
因为事实是 我们现在就要做出选择 Because the truth is, we have choices to make right now.
这些选择将产生重大 And these choices are going to have
而持久的影响 major, long- lasting effects.
所以我开始了一段旅程 So I'm headed out on a journey to meet the brilliant minds
去见那些正在改变我们的世界 重塑明天 and brave pioneers changing our world
有着聪明头脑的勇敢先驱者 and reinventing tomorrow,
他们相信我们拥有创造更美好未来 people who believe that we have everything we need
所需的一切 to create better futures- -
不是完美 但更美好 not perfect, but better- -
并且每一代人都可以在此基础上发展 and something each generation can build on,
挑战现状 those challenging the status quo,
拓展我们对危险和可能的想法 expanding our ideas of what's at stake
从食物到教育 and what's still possible, from food to education,
从我们居住的城市 from the cities we live in
到我们组织社会的方式 to the ways in which we organize our societies,
人们使用新的工具和古老的智慧 people using new tools and ancient wisdom
来恢复我们彼此之间的关系 to restore our relationship with each other,
对我们自己来说 建造我们称之为家的美丽的地方 be autiful place we call home, to ourselves, and to this
这是一次重新发现我们已经走了多远的旅程 a journey to rediscover how far we've come,
以及我们可以把整个事情向前推进往何方 and where we could take this whole thing moving forward.
我最感兴趣的是 我真正想要的 mo st interested in doing here What I'm really
是找到一些人和一些想法 is trying to find the people
能够向我们展示未来的可能 and the ideas that are going to kind of
并从中找出我们 show us what futures could be and from there
想要的未来 figure out which ones we want.
所以这很好 Man: So this is great.
我们来谈谈 So let's talk a little bit about the science
动机的科学 of motivation.
我们怎么想 What do we think- -
随着我的旅程开始 我很感兴趣的是 Wallach: As my journey begins, I'm interested in why,
为什么即使有了所有这些工具和技术 even with all these tools and technologies
我们中的许多人还是很难 available, so many of us find it difficult to think
思考未来 about the future.
这指引我来到这里 That's brought me here to sit down
和一个叫哈尔·赫什菲尔德的行为心理学家坐下来谈谈 with a behavioral psychologist named Hal Hershfield.
我们对未来的自己常常感到陌生 Hershfield: Our future selves often feel like strangers to us.
他们感觉像是完全不同的人 They feel like sort of different people altogether.
早期所谓的“社会神经科学”的 One of the big findings in the early days
一个重大发现是 of what's called"social neuroscience"
大脑可以分辨 is that the brain can tell
什么是“我”什么不是“我” what's me and what's not me,
这在某种程度上是合理的 which makes sense in a way.
如果我坐在扫描仪前 想着我自己 If I'm sitting in a scanner, and I think about myself,
我会看到我的 I see more activity in what's called
内侧前额叶皮层 my medial prefrontal cortex
和大脑的某些部分 and certain parts of the brain there
比我 比如想着你的时候更活跃 than if I, say, think about you.
我更感兴趣的是 Hershfield: I was more interested because I thought
我认为这一发现提供了一条线索 that that finding held the clue
也许可以解释为什么 for maybe why we start thinking
我们开始把未来的自己视为别人 about our future selves as different, other people.
换句话说 如果我能在我的大脑中 In other words, if I can distinguish between me
区分我和你 and you in my brain, would I see
我也会在我的大脑中看到 a same sort of disconnect between me
我和未来的我之间同样的脱节吗 and my future self in my brain?
所以我们设计了这个 So here's what we did.
我们让研究参与者 We had our research participants
进入扫描仪 go into the scanner.
他们可以看到面前有一个小屏幕 They see a little screen in front of them.
这是一个非常无聊的基本屏幕 It's a really boring, basic screen.
他们会在顶部看到个单词 And they see a word at the top.
这个词代表了一个 And the word represents a person
他们需要想的人 they need to think about.
所以当他们说 好 So they say, "OK.
想想现在的自我或者未来的自我 Think about current self or think about your future self. "
我们看到的是 思考未来自我时的 And what we saw was that the brain activity from thinking
大脑活动 about your future self was more similar
与人们思考另一个人时的 to the brain activity when people thought
大脑活动更相似 about another person.
这意味着什么 Wallach: What are the implications of that?
这表明 在某种更深层次上 It suggests that on some deeper level,
我们确实把未来的自己 we really do think about our future selves
当成其他人来看待 as if they are other people.
当你从这个角度来看 When you take that perspective,
如果我们未来的自己是另一个人 if our future self is some other person,
那么我现在的决定的后果 then the consequences of my decisions right now
就会降临到另一个人身上 are going to befall some other person.
好的 All right.
你看着我 So why don't you look at me?
好 这很好 AlI right. That's good.
好 保持你的表情 AlI right. Now keep that face.
好吧 我们再试一次 AlI right. And let's try this one more time.
我们要做点有趣的事 We're going to do something funny here.
好 把这些拉上来 AII right. So let's pull these up here.
然后这里是 And then here's the...Oh!
老版本的 哦 好 older ver Wow. All right.
当你看到这个的时候 你是怎么想的 So what do you think when you see that?
我的意思是 我相信人们 I mean, I'm sure people have
也会有类似的反应 a somewhat similar reaction.
这和我爸爸太像了 That looks shockingly like my dad.
嗯 Yeah.
我好像不完全知道那是谁 It seems like I don't totally know who that is.
对对对 Right. Right. Right.
但离现在似乎也不远了 But it also doesn't seem that far from now.
对 Right.
这在某种程度上是符合形式的 对吧 Which is, in a way, true to form, right?
比如 当我们想到未来的自己时 Like, when we think about our future selves,
你知道 他们可能离现在也不远 you know, they may not be that far from now.
我们不完全知道他们是谁 但是 We don't totally know who they are, but- -
当我第一次看到的时候 感觉很不和谐 When I first see that, like, it's jarring.
然后你会想 好吧 And then now you think, "OK"
一旦你克服了最初对事情可能的 Once you get over the initial kind of shock
发展方向的那种震惊 你就会想 好吧 of where things could go, you think, like, "OK.
嗯 就像 如果他们仍然是同一个人 "Well, like, if these are still the same individual,
那现在这个人 "like, how does this one now,
是如何和这个人成为最好的朋友 "like, befriend and best- friend this one.
你会为最好的朋友做些什么 And what would you do for a best friend? "
我觉得这是 I think that's, like,
一个非常正确的视角 the exact right perspective there.
因为它们不一样 Because they're not the same.
对 Yeah.
但这和最好的朋友的关系 But it is that same sort of relationship
是一样的 of a best friend.
在某种程度上 你所做的工作 In some ways, the work that you're doing,
就像一个虫洞 对吧 it's like a wormhole, right?
这就像《星际迷航》里通往未来的虫洞 It's like the "Star Trek" wormhole to the future
能让我们看到未来 and lets us kind of see ahead.
但是 就像你说的 这不仅仅是愿景的问题 But, like you said, it's not just about vision.
其实是情感在 It's actually about the emotions
拉动着我们前进 that pull us through.
我认为这是一个关键的见解 And I think this is a key insight here.
这其实是一场关于共鸣的对话 This is really a conversation about empathy.
这真是一个难以想象的画面 This is a vision that's really hard to conjure up.
我想象不出我的孙辈 I can't picture my grandkids.
甚至连自己的子女 I can barely picture my own kids
年老以后是什么样我都想象不出 when they're older because I'm so stuck
因为我脑子里全是他们现在的样子 on what they look like right now.
但是我很容易知道 But I have a really easy time
我想让他们感受到什么 knowing how I want them to feel
我想让他们的孩子感受到什么 and knowing how I want their kids to feel
一代接一代 and on and on and on.
正如你刚才所说 And so, like you said,
这就是血脉相连的共鸣 that's the empathy through line.
这就是我们要考虑的 That's the sort of empathy freeway
共鸣快车道 that we want to consider.
考虑我们想让子孙后代如何是好 Wallach: It's powerful to consider how we want
意义深远 life to be for the generations yet to be born.
这迫使我们超越自己的人生去思考 And it forces us to think beyond our own lifetime.
今天我们生活的世界 Man: Today, we live in a world in which
并不适合生存 we're ill- adapted to inhabit.
那不是我们进化的 That wasn't the world, the space
世界 时空和环境 and time, the environment that we evolved in.
一个自然的后果是 So a natural consequence of that
我们的某些认知能力 is some of our cognitive abilities
并不适合我们奇迹般 aren't necessarily tuned for the world that we've
构建的这个世界 miraculously managed to construct,
在这个世界上我们拥有大量的信息 a world in which we have a vast amount of information
拥有解决未栗问题 投资未来的 and an amazing ability to address future problems,
惊人能力 to invest in the future.
而且这种能力我们 And that ability is something that perhaps
也许并未充分利用 we don t use to the extent that we would like.
我喜欢把未来想象成一个故事 Woman I like to think of the future as a story.
这其实是我们共同参与的一系列想法 It's really a set of ideas that we all engage in.
在某种意义上 未来具有可塑性 the future is very malleable. And so in some sense,
从其他角度来说 未来并不存在 And in other ways, it kind of doesn't exist.
因此 这就像是为许多新想法 And so it's open terrain for lots of new ideas
和新的处事方式开辟了新思路 and new ways of being in the world.
当大多数人问我有什么故事时 Wallach: So when most people ask me what's my story,
我一般都会从1922年说起 I actually start back in 1922.
这是大屠杀口述历史项目 Woman: This is the Holocaust Oral History Project
采访拉赫米尔·沃洛奇维安斯基 interview of Rachmiel Wolochwianski,
1993年4月28日 April 28, 1993.
我出生在波兰东部的巴拉诺维奇市 Wolochwianski: I am born in the city Baranowicze, East Poland.
我父亲1922年出生在 Wallach: 1922 was the year my father was born
波兰一个叫巴拉诺维奇的小城镇 in a small town called Baranowicze in Poland.
大约在他18岁时 Around the time of his 18th birthday
纳粹入侵了波兰 was when the Nazis invaded Poland.
遭受围攻时的照片 Narrator: These were the only pictures made in the city
只剩下这几张 during the siege.
许多中年人闷闷不乐 怒气冲冲 Many of the middle- aged were sullen and angry.
年轻人半是愤懑 半是不干 Youngsters were half- resentful, half- resigned,
年轻人半是愤懑 半是不干 Youngsters were half- resentful, half- resignedl,
而他们的长辈则开始祈祷 while their elders turned to prayer.
所有犹太人都被赶到一个小犹太人区 Wallach: All the Jews were pushed into a small ghetto.
最终 他母亲和妹妹都被送到奥斯维辛集中营 Eventually, his mother and sister were sent to Auschwitz,
并在那里身亡 and that's where they perished.
我父亲和他弟弟 还有我爷爷 Now, my father and his brother and dad
依然在犹太区 were still in the ghetto.
某个时候他们逃跑了 And at one point, they actually escaped.
在逃离那个犹太人区的时候 And in the kind of escape of leaving the ghetto,
我爷爷辈强杀致死 wa s actually shot and killed. my grandfather
不久以后 我父亲加入了 And soon thereafter, my father joined the Jewish underground,
犹太地下抵抗组织 多年以来 the resistance, and for several years,
基本上都是住在波兰的林地 basically he lived in the forests of Poland
没日没夜地与纳粹作斗争 fighting the Nazis day in and day out.
当我考虑我的生活时 When I thought about what I want to do with my life
我决定选择一条道路 I decided to choose a path that would allow me
让我能够运用 to kind of apply the way I think
我认为道德的方式 we should be morally operating
而不是仅仅作为一个来反对纳粹 not so much to just push back as a species,
反观当今的纳粹 这一点至关重要 which is unbelievably important, against the Nazis of today,
但是从很多方面来说 考虑到 but in many ways to think about what was happening
19世纪20年代末到30年代末 in the late 1920s and late 1930s
在纳粹掌权之前 想想当时 before the Nazis came to power, thinking about how
世界那么动荡不安 怎么没人站出来 the world was in so much flux, and why werent there people
带领周围的人走上一条更好的道路呢 around to help steer us towards a better path?
从某方面来说 这对我的工作影响重大 In many ways, that greatly influences the work that I do.
我在想 我们怎么才能 I'm thinking about where can we take this
积极地看待这个问题呢 in a positive way, right?
我不是那种认为要注意 I'm not a futurist who's saying,
“泰坦尼克号上不同的冰山”的末来主义者 "Look out for these different icebergs on the Titanic. "
我的意思是 外面的确有很多冰山 I'm saying there are icebergs out there.
我们应该想办法绕过它们 We should navigate through them.
但是我们想去的目的地在哪里 But what is the harbor that we're trying to get to?
有一种说法叫“大教堂思维” There's a phrase called"cathedral thinking. "
意思就是 我们如何 And what that means is, how do we go about
像古人建造大教堂那样的 making decisions in the same ways
思维方式作出决定 that those who build ancient cathedrals thought?
因为他们建大教堂的时候 Because when they were building cathedrals,
往往大多数时候 I mean, more often than not, the architect
大教堂那些最初的建造者们 and the iniitial builders of the cathedral
在教堂完全建好之前早已离开人世了 wouldn't even be around to see it actually completed.
他们有生之年是看不到的 It wouldn't happen in their lifetime.
所以他们必须做出决定 So they had to make these decisions in a way
基本上就是在做奠基工作 where they were literally laying the cornerstone
为他们看不到成果的事物打下基础 for something that they would never actually see completed,
可是他们是在为后人铺路 but they were doing it for the next generation.
我来到科尔多瓦 I came to Cordoba to see firsthand
亲眼见证一个历经了好几代人才 a project that has been many, many generations
建好的教堂 in the making
跟我讲讲这座建筑的历史和修建过程吧
在711年 倭马亚王朝从叙利亚到达此处
在那个世纪末 786年
阿卜杜勒拉曼一世修建了最初的5000平方米清真寺
继任的埃米尔和哈里发们在接下来的几个世纪在此基础上扩建
直到建成占地23400平方的
大型清真寺
这栋楼有多久的历史了
超过十二世纪
这种体验令人感到敬畏 Wallach: It's awe- inspiring to experience something
能亲自感受一些始建者从未看到过的建筑完工 that those who started never lived to see completed
作为给后人的礼物 built as a gift to those yet to be born,
同时也提醒我们 现在的所作所为 a reminder that the future is being built
就是在开创未来 on our actions right now.
未来在于行动 是我们在做的事 The future is a verb. It's something we do.
我们也可以成为伟大的先祖 We can become great ancestors.
未来需要我们现在所做的 And that is what the future needs us to do
就是站在他们的角度 right now, to think in a way
来思考问题 that places us in their shoes.
接下来会发生什么
-在这个大教堂之后吗 -是的
说真的我不知道 但我认为只要人类还存在
这里就会一直是一个教堂 一个我们可以心存敬畏和欣赏
一个能认识和关心我们传统的地方 一直发挥教堂的作用
后退一步 把我们自己 Wallach: This idea of stepping back to see ourselves
和我们的工作看成是更伟大事业的组成部分 and the work we do in this moment as a piece of something
这种想法很有影响力 它有可能 larger is so powerful, and it has the potential
开启更伟大 更好的想法 to unlock bigger, better ideas
值得我们未来为之努力 worth working towards in the years to come.
这是我第一次来摩洛哥 It's my first time in Morocco, and I've
我早就知道这里有一个超级太阳能发电厂 read about this massive solar power plant for a while now.
能够亲自来参观 And to be able to come and visit it
简直就像是美梦成真 is kind of like a dream come true.
我对太阳能啊 可替代能源 It's a little bit, you know, solar, alternative,
可再生能源这些特别感兴趣 renewable energy geek in me.
不过看到在沙漠中 But to see a plant kind of come up
利用最新的科技建造这么一座发电厂 in the middle of the desert using the latest
为这个国家大部分地区供电 technology that can power a huge part of the country
我依然感到震撼 is amazing for me.
跟我说说 我们这是在哪儿 So tell me, where are we right now?
我们现在在瓦尔扎扎特 是摩洛哥南部的
第一座发电厂
努尔三期运用了一种叫csp 即集中太阳能的技术
我们有一座装有日光反射装置的塔 We have a tower with a heliostat.
日光反射装置会
反射太阳照射
把能源集中在塔顶
塔顶有熔融盐 找们加热熔融盐
达到600摄氏度的高温
熔融盐会从塔顶
进入热能交换 加热水以产生蒸汽
然后驱动涡轮机产生电能
光是我们此刻所在的区域 Wallach: So in this area right here just alone,
一共有多少块光伏板 how many of these mirrors are there?
这里我们有200万块光伏板
-两百万 -两百万 Two million? Two million.
两百万个光伏板 2 million of these panels?
对 在努尔一期 Yeah, in NOOR I.
这里的建筑群是世界上 Wallach: The complex here is the largest
最大的聚光太阳能发电厂 concentrated solar power plant in the world,
最大的聚光太阳能发电广 concentrated solar power plant in the worlcl,
产生的电力 generarting enough power
足够给摩洛哥一百万个家庭使用 to supply a million homes in Morocco
而且是可再生电力 with renewable electricity.
摩洛哥没有天然的石油供应 And in a country that doesn't have a natural supply of oil,
没有天然气和煤炭 他们认为这是 natural gas, or coal, they believe this is the start
更伟大事业的一部分 of something even bigger.
对于从天而降的自然资源 Wallach: What is kind of your hope and your dream
你对摩洛哥有什么 for Morocco in terms of the raw resources that are coming
希望和梦想 to your land from the sky?
我们的希望是独立于其他国家
达成100%供电
100%太阳能供电
这就是我们的希望
一个能源独立的未来 Wallach: What could an energy- independent future
会是什么样子 look like, not just here, but everywhere?
当我们建立一个不需要依赖化石燃料的未来时 What impact will it have on our politics, our health care,
会对我们的政治 卫生 and the well- being of the natural world
以及自然世界的福祉产生什么样的影响 when we create a future independent from fossil fuels?
太阳能技术只是实现这一未来的 Solar technology is just one piece of making
一个环节 that future a reality.
随着世界各地大量涌现这种 But as large- scale facilities are popping up in countries
大型设施 离实现为大城市和敕个国家 all over the world, the goal of powering major cities
供能的目标越来越近 and entire countries is getting closer every day.
在加利福尼亚北部 In Northern California, scientists
科学家整采用类似的思维 运用长远思维 are taking a similar approach by applying long- term thinking
来应对今天面临的挑战 to the challenges facing us today,
追求无限清洁能源的梦想 pursuing a long- held dream of limitless clean energy.
我是安妮·克利切 Kritcher: I'm Annie Kritcher.
我曾是点火实验的首席设计师 I was a lead designer for the Ignition experiment.
我们此刻在加利福尼亚利弗莫尔 We are at the National Ignition Facility
国家点火设施现场 in Livermore, California.
我们的研究是 用两个原子 What we do here is, we take two atoms,
让它们对撞 制造一个重原子 and we smash them together, and we make a heavier atom.
这个过程释放能量 And that process releases energy
你们是在90万一分之一的时间里 And so you're literally for 90 trillionths of a second
制造一个小太阳 creating a mini sun.
没错 That's correct.
我们需要在地球上生成恒星的原因 need to generate stars on Earth Kritcher: The reason that we
是为了达到让两个原子 is to reach the extreme conditions
融合在一起的极端条件 that are required to get two atoms to fuse together.
所以需要几千万的温度 So you need tens of millions of degrees to do that.
我们让192束激光 We have 192 laser beams which enter
进入圆柱体的两端 the ends of a hollow cylinder.
它们撞上圆柱体的空心 And then they hit the hollow cylinder on the inside.
会产生一个特别热的x射线高温炉 And that creates an oven, a very hot X- ray oven,
有3百万的温度 which is 3 million degrees.
圆筒内有一个 And inside of the cylinder sits
BB弹大小的胶囊物 a little, tiny capsule the size of a BB.
在那个微型胶囊里 Kritcher: And inside of that little, tiny BB
有我们想要融合的氘原子和氚原子 sits the deuterium and tritium that we want to fuse together.
强烈的x射线给胶囊外部加热 And so this intense X- ray oven heats the outside
将这些物质向外爆发 explodes that material outward, of the capsule,
就像火箭一样 火箭燃料燃烧后 and just like a rocket, where the rocket fuel goes out
火箭会喷射 and that pushes a rocket up,
我们将材料的尺寸 we're squeezing the material down
从BB大小压缩到 to half the size of a human hair
头发丝的一半 from the size of a BB.
由于向外扩张 Because of that outward expansion,
就会产生内爆现象 we get an implosion.
这项工作的总体目标是什么 What is the goal of this work in the big picture?
核聚变可以为人类提供 Nuclear fusion could provide clean, limitless,
清洁 无限 丰富的能源 abundant energy for mankind.
核聚变犹如能源领域的圣杯 Fusion is really the Holy Grail of energy.
这个梦想最近取得了巨大进展 a major milestone here recently Wallach: That dream reached
因为安妮的团队首次 as Annie's team led an experiment
成功地创造了点火装置 that successfully created ignition for the first time.
这是目标舱 This is the target bay.
这个蓝色标识的是目标室 Here we have the target chamber, which is in blue.
这是个球型室 It's a spherical chamber.
直径约10米 It's about 10 meters in diameter.
激光束从这里射进室内 And here, the laser beams come into the chamber.
激光束是我们实验的驱动力 The laser beams are what drives our experiments.
假如这是一本10个章节的书 Wallach: If it's a 10- chapter book,
我们此刻处于哪个章节 what chapter are we in right now in this room?
应该不是在第一章 I'd say we're not in Chapter 1,
因为我们已经为此努力很久了 because we've been working on this for quite a long while.
而且刚刚取得了突破 And we just had the breakthrough.
应该算在第三章吧 I guess, maybe Chapter 3.
提出这个概念的人早在我出生以前 The person that came up with the concept to do this
就提出这个想法了 did so before I was born.
所以这真的是一种 So it is really a passing- the- torch,
跨越多代的传递 属于大科学问题 multi- generation problem, big- science problem.
我们应该如何看到 Wallach: How should we be thinking
这类的挑战呢 about challenges like this?
我觉得考虑长期收益的问题 Kritcher: I think it's really important to consider
非常重要 同时 the long- term benefits and also
也为我们的后代 the generations coming after us
创造一个洁净的世界 并为他们 to create a clean world for them and to give them
在未来生产能源 the necessary means to be able to generate
提供了必要手段 energy in the future.
所以这是一个非常重大的挑战 So it's a really important grand challenge.
对我们的子孙后代来说 And it's just so important
这实在是举足轻重 for our future generations.
对于此时此刻 最令人兴奋的事情之一 Wallach: One of the most exciting things
就是我们有了工具和潜力 about this moment is that we have the tools
能以各种方式塑造未来 and potential to shape the future in ways
这在以前是不可想象的 that have never been possible before.
我们该如何发展我们的技术 这是我们面临的选择 how we develop our technologies The choices we make around
同时也是为子孙后代 a path for future generations here and now will set
铺就道路 to build on.
在人类历史的伟大弧线上 In the great arc of human history,
我们生活在一个非凡的时代 we are living in the midst of an extraordinary time.
深时 什么叫深时 Deep time, like, what is that?
没有我们 宇宙怎么会存在呢 How could the universe have been here without us?
为什么说相对宇宙漫长的历史而言 What does it mean that we've only been around
我们人类的时间如同白驹过隙 for the tiniest sliver of time relative to the universe?
这是一个令人谦卑的启示 This is a humbling revelation.
所有动物的大脑里都有个时钟 Buonomano: All animals have clocks in our brains,
能够与生物钟进行校对 going back to a circadian clock,
因为知道时间很重要 because it's very important to tell time
并预测将要发生的事情 and to predict what's going to happen.
但从很多方面看 人类一直对时间 But humans have been obsessed with time,
十分着迷 in many ways, throughout
甚至可以追溯到文明的开始 since the beginning of civilization.
如果你回顾人类历史 And if you go back through human history,
测量时间是一项漫长的探索 it's been one long quest to measure time
但精确度越来越高 with more and more and more precision.
时间 我们的故事是关于人类 E. G. Marshall: Time- - our story is about men
如何试图打败时间的 who are attempting to defeat it.
在搜寻人类终极起源过程中 Time is their enemy in the search
时间是他们的敌人 for the ultimate origins of man.
如果你以足球场为例 Tyson: If you take a football field,
100码 100 yards,
这就是宇宙的时间线 and that's the timeline of the universe,
从洞穴野人到现在 cave dwellers to the present
如果把人类历史的跨度放在 on a timeline that begins in one end zone
这条贯穿足球场的时间线上 and ends in the other,
其长度超不过一片草叶的厚度 the thickness of a blade of grass
在人类时间线的尽头 at the end of that timeline
就是从现在追溯到洞穴壁画的时间跨度 is from present day back to cave paintings.
在很多方面 这让智人变得有智能 或者说更聪明的 Buonomano: In many ways, one of the cognitive abilities
认知能力之一 如果你愿意这么理解的话 that makes Homo sapiens sapien- - or wise, if you will- -
就是我们把时间概念化的能力 is our ability to conceptualize time.
这种在精神层面进行时间旅行的能力 And this ability to engage in mental time travel
似乎是人类独有的 seems to be pretty unique to humans.
这么多年来 我一直在努力协助 Wallach: Over the years, I've worked to help
各种组织思考和规划未来 various organizations think about and plan for the future.
但最近 发生了一些奇怪的事情 But recently, something strange has started to happen.
原本跨越2o或30年的长期计划 Long- term plans that were 20 or 30 years out
现在只需要关注未来的6个月就行了 are now only focused on the next 6 months.
随着世界节奏的加快 As the pace of the world gets faster,
我们的视野越来越小 our perspective is getting smaller.
如何才能停下来冷静思考 What does it take to step back and develop
并培养长远的眼光呢 a long- term perspective?
我们的过去是如何影响未来的 How does our past impact the future?
回顾历史上影响未来的那些人 And what can we learn from those who have faced
我们又能从他们那里学到什么 moments like these before?
接下来我要面对的这个人 Wallach: I'm here to speak with someone
终其一生致力于确保她的族群 who spent her life working to ensure her community
能够保留她们历史最好的部分 holds on to the best parts of their past
同时也在展望未来 as they look towards the future.
-嗨 阿里 -别站起来 Woman: Hi, Ari. Do not get up.
哦 谢谢 Oh, thank you.
谢谢你的邀请 Thank you for your invitation.
谢谢你来参加我们的活动 And thank you for joining us here.
非常感谢能邀请我们 Thank you so much for having us.
谢谢你 这是我丈夫汤姆 Thank you. This is my husband Tom
哦 你好 Oh, hey.
我想认识一下大家 I'm just going to go around really fast.
好的 这是我的孙子 Yes. Grandson.
-嘿 阿里 -很高兴认识你 Hey. Ari. Pleasure.
我的英文名字 Woman: My English name
是安东尼娅·洛丽塔·熊惧·库克 is Antonia Loretta Afraid of Bear Cook.
当我走进国会 向全国人民发表演讲时 When I go in the nation's house and I address the nation,
我是阿潘图鲁·塔·温 I am Anpetu Luta Win.
有人叫我红日女 I'm called Red Day Woman.
洛丽塔的工作开始于她自己的部落 Wallach: Loretta's work began here with her own tribe,
她致力于把她民族古老的方式 where she works to pass on the ancient ways of her people
传递给下一代 to the next generation.
但随着世界各国领导人认识到这些思想所蕴含的智慧 But that work quickly grew as Ieaders around the world
这项工作迅速发展起来 recognized the wisdom that these ideas held
通过更宽广的视野 for looking at today's challenges
更好的应对如今的挑战 through a much wider lens.
当我们思考未来的时候 Wallach: When we think about the future,
为什么我们记住过去这么重要 why is it so important that we remember the past?
我认为关于这个问题 I think that the most important thing
最重要的一点就是 about that question is,
我们必须有相互联系 we have to have interconnectedness.
我得知道自己从哪里来 I have to know where I came from
才能教我的孙子孙女 in order for me to teach my grandchildren
如此我们才能继续前进 so that we can move forward.
这种把时间看成一个整体的想法 This idea of time as an entity,
与如今的计时方法有很大不同 how would you say it's separate
对此你如何看的 than the way time is practiced today,
是不是有 kind of- -
确实非常不同 It's very different.
你按照时间表安排时间 Afraid: You practice time according to a schedule
比如 哦 我得过来一趟 and according to, "Oh, I got to get over here.
我得赶飞机 我必须这么做 "I got to catch a plane. I got to do this.
我必须那么做 I got to do that. "
这给人的压力很大 And it's very stressful.
但如果你用精神时间安排事务 But if you were to set it up in that spirit time,
好的 比如你要做什么事 OK, what are you setting it up for?
如果时间将近 你会有明确的感知 which you approach that time. There's definitive ways in
如果你采用精神的方式生活 If you're living in a spiritual way,
然后你就有时间关注 then you have time to pay attention
植物 树木 动物 to the plants, the trees, the animals,
和大海里的鱼了 the fish in the ocean.
当你在做这些事情的时候 And when you're doing all of these things,
你就可以掌管周围的事物了 you begin to steward what's around you.
但这不是我们今天的生活方式 But that's not how we live today.
今天我们按照时钟上的时间生活 Today we live by that time that's running on a clock,
你的关注点在于能赚多少钱 and how much money can we make, you know, doing this?
所以你把利润看得比人重要 So you put profit over people.
和洛丽塔和她的家人相处之后 Wallach: Spending time with Loretta and her family,
很明显 这些概念不仅仅停留在想法上 it's obvious that these concepts are not just ideas,
而是指导她如何生活 并将 but rather principles that inform how she lives and works
他们民族古老的生活方式传承给 to pass on the ancient ways of their people
下一代的准则 to the next generation.
对她来说 这些方式不仅仅是关注过去 For her, these ways are not just about the past,
而是在认识到我们的生活将会如何影响子孙后代 but about a way of being in the present that
从而选择当下生活方式的一种 recognizes the impact that our lives will have
思维方式 on future generations.
什么是第七代思维 What is seventh- generation thinking,
为什么它在今天如此重要 and why is it so important today?
-你有孩子吗 -有的 Do you have children? Yes.
好的 你能回溯自己家族的起源吗 OK. So can you recount back to your beginning?
我可以追溯到两三代人以前 I can probably go back two or three generations.
好的 这是一个概念 OK. It's a concept.
这是一个充满爱的概念 And it's a loving concept that we
也就是和我们所爱的人交流 talk about to our loved ones.
所以你会去主动了解 So you make it your business
自己所参与的事情 to know what it is about yourself
到底有什么意义 that you're going to engage in so you
你就可以理解第七代人的思维 can get to that seventh- generation thinking.
所以七代人思维 So 7- generation thinking
就是你在做决定的时候 is making decisions as if you think
会去考虑对七代人以后 about the impact they will have
所造成的影响吗 on 7 generations from now?
完全正确 Exactly.
我在这一刻做的每一个决定 Every decision that I make in this moment,
我应该考虑一下对后世的影响 I should think about the impact
从现在起7代之后的影响 that it will have 7 generations from now.
但是大家更喜欢方便 But people are- - they love convenience.
他们不愿意去想 They don't want to think about,
哦7代人啊 oh, 7generations, you know?
但是我们国家各个地方都有太多的 But we have so many social ills all over the nation,
社会弊病 all over the country.
这些都是我们尽最大努力解决的事情 And those are the things that we're trying our best,
我想 在我们这一代 要有所作为 I think, in this generation, to make a difference.
你对未来的希望是什么 What's your hope for the future?
我们可以一起 sit together That we can all
团聚在在精神的餐桌上 at a spiritual table
亲如一家 我们所有人都是 together truly. and all of us be
这就是我的希望 这就是我的希望 That's my prayer. That's my prayer.
当我们拜访过月球 Tyson: When we saw Earth over our shoulders,
并从回望地球时 having visited the moon,
这是一次在认知上的升级 it was a firmware upgrade in our sense of awareness.
我们从月球上拍摄的第一张照片是在1968年 Our first images from the moon were 1968,
是由宇航员拍摄的 taken by astronauts.
那是人类第一次登月任务 阿波罗8号 That was the first mission to the moon- Apollo 8.
他们去过了月球 绕轨道飞行了十几次 They went to the moon, orbited a dozen or so times,
然后又回来了 and then came back.
在其中一次绕行上 他们举起了哈苏相机 One of those orbits, they lifted the Hasselblad,
地球正从月球的地平线上升起 and there was Earth rising over the lunar landscape,
就像月亮从地球的地平线升起一样 just the way the moon rises over the Earth's landscape.
为什么我叫它认知升级 Why do I call it a firmware upgrade?
因为如果你问其中任何一个人 Because if you ask any one of those people,
他们并没有故意的在想 they're not consciously thinking,
我从太空看到了地球 但他们是有这种感觉的 "I saw Earth from space, "but they're feeling it.
从心理上来说 他们是在以 Psychoemotionally, they are reacting
宇宙的视角做出反应 to a cosmic perspective.
当人类不光想着自己的时候 be st when we're thinking bigger Wallach: Humans are at their
就变得更优秀了 当我们抬头仰望 than just ourselves, when we look up and see
超越当下 记住我们也是出现在我们之前的 beyond this moment to remember that we are part of everything
万物的一部分 that came before us
而我们也在为 and we're also laying the foundation for generations
万物的一部分 yet to come.
但为什么支配当代世界的系统 But why do so many of the systems
似乎在退化成 that govern our world today seem so locked
短视思维 into short- term thinking?
我来日本是为了见一位叫西条博士的经济学家 I've come to Japan to meet an economist named Dr. Saijo
他正在挑战这种思维方式 who's challenging this way of thinking
并且效果显著 with remarkable results.
所以我们知道 So we know we have this problem
人类有短视的问题 of shortsightedness,
我们想要解决 and we want to kind of solve
代际公平的课题 for intergenerational justice
以及我们如何以不同的方式看待时间 and how we think about time differently.
跟我说说你的工作 Tell me about your work.
我是个经济学教授
当我在2012年开始写未来设计的课题时
很多经济学家并不在乎我们的未来
完全不考虑
未来的人也是存在的实体
为什么我们不考虑他们
不光只写出短视问题 Wallach: Rather than just writing about the problems
西条博士还曾致电给 Dr Saijo started something here with short- term thinking,
未来设计中心以测试在现实生活条件下 called the Future Design Center to test the impacts
长期思考模式带来的影响 of long- term thinking in real- life situations,
把镇上的普通人聚集在一起 bringing together everyday people
共同参与创作 from the town to take part in creating
他们社区的未来 the future of their community.
我们的主要课题是如何让矢巾
在50年后变成适合居住的地方
我们采用的首要办法就是
通过未来设计为公共项目提供思路 to come up with ideas for public projects.
未来设计分三步走 Future design has three steps.
当代设计是以时代的思路设计未来
历史设计指思考历史
通过思考历史 我们能收获很多绝佳的想法
最后是未来设计
人们幻想自己穿越未来 并以未来的角度思考现状
我希望大家都穿越到未来
那么我们都是2073年的人了
大家没问题吧
我们数到三 请大家准备好
好 我们开始
我们都穿越了
一 二 三 开始喽 One, two, three, let's gol
社区成员穿上这些长袍 Wallach: Community members put on these robes
以示自己是代表 to signify themselves as representatives
代表 of future generations.
他们带着这个念头 解决当今需求 With this in mind, they work to address the needs of today,
同时谨记未来才能看到 but bearing in mind the impact these actions
他们行动的影响 will have on those yet to be born.
成效很了不起 The results have been incredible,
他们共同解决了 like when they achieved together
传统政策多年尝试没能解决的问题 what traditional policymaking had failed to address
达成了协议 for years, reaching an agreement
提高6%的当地水税 to raise the community's. water tax by 6%
以解决该镇基建老化的问题 in order to address the town's decaying infrastructure.
如今 超过80%的该镇政策 Today, more than 80%of the town's policies
是市民决策的 他们自豪地称自己为 are created by citizens who have become what they proudly
未来规划师 refer to as future designers.
我不住在矢巾町 但我能感觉到 I'm not even from Yahaba, but already I feel- -
-很迅速 -没错 Quick. That's right.
这是个迅速的转变 It's a quick shift.
没错 看这里 That's right. See in there.
你设计的项目让人 Wallach: The work that you've designed takes people
觉得他们不再是个体 from being kind of an individual by themselves
而把这一切串起来了 but instead starts to make it like a chain.
你把自己看作历史的一部分 You see yourself as part of something that came.
是 Saijo: Yeah.
然后你活在当下 Wallach: Then you you're here.
但你又和未来建立联系 But then you're connected to something that will be.
没错 Saito: That's right.
你内心应该考虑过去的人
过去的历史
现状
还有我们的未来
改变你的想法
我是说 一旦想法改变了
你不会像以前那样想了
这个长远看待 Wallach: This idea of taking a longer- term perspective
我们当今面对的挑战的想法 to the chal lenges facing us today is begirming
正席卷全球 比如威尔士 to take shape around the world, like in Wales
最近当地把这个想法 where they recently turned this thinking
落实到法律中 任命了一个新岗位 into actual legislation, appointing a new role
新生代委员 known as the future generations commissioner.
我叫索菲·豪我是威尔士的第一任 Howe: I'm Sophie Howe, and I was the first future generations
也是全世界第一任 commissioner for Wales and the first future generations
新生代委员 commissioner in the world.
2015年 我们的国家议会 Back in 2015, our national parliament
通过了一项 passed a law called the Well- Being
《新生代福祉法案》 of Future Generations Act.
我们应该系统性地思考 What we need to do is take a systems approach to thinking
我们所有行为带来的影响 about the impact of all of our actions,
给当今带来的影响 what impacts they have today, but crucially
尤其是这项法案成立后 in the context of this bill, what impact
给未来会留下的影响 they have in the future.
他们对威尔士公民进行了一次全国调查 Howe: They held a national conversation with the citizens
提出以下问题 of Wales where they posed the question,
你想让你的孩子 你的孙辈 what's the Wales you want to leave behind to your children,
和后代看到怎样的威尔士 your grandchildren, and future generations to come?
这次调查让政府 That dialogue led to the government
确立了7个长远福祉目标 identifying 7 long- term well- being goals,
所有公共机构都 and all of our public institutions
必须设立目标 最大化对7个目标 must set objectives which maximize their contribution
作出贡献 to all 7 goals.
有足够大的规模和进展吗 Are you seeing sufficient scale andlpace of progress?
这份指南完全没提至 The guidance made no referende
新生代法案 to the Future Generations Actart all
这是我们在面对的部分挑战 And this is part of the challenge tharwefre seeing.
司法体系之下 政府和 Howe: Built into our legislation, the government
其他公共机构 and our other public institutions
应该听取委员的建议 have to take the advice of the commissioner
否则应当解释原因 or justify why not.
而且要当众解释原因 And they have to justify that publicly.
在威尔士 多亏这个体系 So in Wales, because we have this framework,
我们成功改变了 we've completely transformed the way
我们规划交通的方式 that we're thinking about transport planning,
比如说 为解决交通堵塞 for example, building a new stretch of motorway
新建一条车道 to deal with the problem of congestion.
以往都是这么干的 It's what we've always done.
但委员介入对 But the commissioner's intervention really
政府提出了质疑 因为政府从未 challenged the government because you've never shifted
真正把资金用于给大家提供 your investment to actually giving people other means
其他出行方式 增加走路出行 骑车出行 这些地方的 of transportation- - more walking, cycling, safe routes
安全路线 和这些地方的 to those areas and public transport investment
公共交通投资 to those areas.
空气污染会减少 We'll start to see air pollution reducing.
更多人会骑车出行 We'll start to see more people cycling,
这也对健康有好处 which is good for their health.
长远影响是 当然了 The long- term impact, of course,
寿命也能增长 is that we want to see an increase in life expectancy.
所以我觉得人们逐渐开始 So I think people are increasingly starting
意识到这些内在联系 to see those connections.
我们如果都采纳威尔士这种办法 If we can embrace models like we have in Wales,
可能会产生涓涓细流影响 that has the potential to have a real trickle- down effect.
想象一下 将这运用到公共机构或政府的 And imagine if we multiply that by every decision
每个来决定怎么推出新政的 or every approach that a public institution or a government
决定或方法上 乘其以量 take to deciding how they're going to roll out policy
并鼓励他们 and encourages them to- -
嗯 不只是鼓励 well, not just encourages them,
其实是要求他们搞清关系 actually requires them to join the dots
长远思考 and think in a long- term way.
我们很难做出长远考虑 Zaidi: We struggle a lot with long- term thinking,
我们常常默认短期思维 and we tend to default to short term- thinking
这很常见 quite often.
所以我们建立的很多社会方面 And so we've kind of set up multiple aspects of society
以短期方式运作 to work in a short- term capacity.
我爱问的一个首要问题是 One of the first questions I like to ask is,
这种体系能让谁受益呢 who's benefiting from the system being this way?
我们的体系没崩坏 Our systems are not really broken.
这么说有点误解了 That's a bit of a misconception to say that.
我认为我们的体系 I think our systems are designed to work
设计想法和实际运作一致 exactly the way they are.
只是它们不一定 They're just not necessarily designed
为我或你而生 to work for you and I.
污染是对环境的玷污 Narrator: Pollution is contamination of the environment
它干扰生命的进程 that interferes with the processes of life.
为了在地球上活得更好 In seeking a better life on Earth,
20世纪人们牺牲生存必须的环境 man in the 20th century has created a great technology
创造了很多新科技 at the expense of the environment essential to life.
我们常认为自己是 Tyson: We like identifying ourselves
高等生物 as an intelligent species.
可谁定的标准呢 我们自己 But who made that measurement? We did.
我们在污染环境 We are polluting our environment.
我们在改变 We are altering
生存必须的那个生态环境 the very ecosystem that we need to survive.
我们正给生命之树带来 We're creating a next wave of extinction
新一波灭绝 却没意识到 across the tree of life without knowing
这可能带来的长期后果 what the long- term consequences of that might be.
我可以改变高等的定义 I could define intelligence in such a way
让地球上没有物种能符合 so that there is no sign of it here on Earth.
我最大的恐惧是 尽管我们称自己高等 My biggest fear is that, though we call ourselves intelligent,
我们甚至不够明智成为 that we might not be wise enough to be the shepherds
需要成为的守卫者 we need to be to assure the survival
确保还未出生的后代生存环境 of generations yet to be born.
对未来感到焦虑 Zaidi: Having anxiety about the future
完全合情合理 is not an unreasonable thing.
某种程度上其实很符合逻辑 It's actually very logical in some ways
查一查数据 when you look at the data around
看看世界上发生的事 what we're seeing in the world.
但重点是我们 But the important thing is that we have
有机会塑造未来 the opportunity to shape it.
其中满怀希望的是 And the hopeful part of that is that
我们确实具备 we actually have all the solutions we need
解决问题的所有方案 to address the problems.
但我们缺乏让这些方案落实的 What we don't have is the context for those solutions
条件 to take hold.
我很想探寻 Wallach: I'm interested in exploring
更多这些新方案 more of these new solutions
并会见想出方案的人 and meeting the people who are creating them.
这让我来到纽黑文 That led me here to New Haven, where a former
有位叫布伦·史密斯的前渔夫现海洋农夫 fisherman- turned- ocean- farmer named Bren Smith
他催化他的社区产生变化 has become a catalyst for change in this community
布伦 我不知道可再生海洋农民 So, Bren, I have no idea what a regenerative
是什么 ocean farmer is.
所以我想听你讲讲两件事 它是什么 So both, I want you to tell me what it is
-和你怎么进入这行业的 -没问题 and how you got into it. Sure.
我在加拿大纽芬兰土生土长 Smith: I was born and raised in Newfoundland, Canada,
北美的最边上 the edge of North America.
我一心想当渔夫 All I wanted to be was a fisherman.
这是我那时的梦想 That was my dream.
我不想当政治家 I didn't want to be a politician,
也不想当宇航员 didn't want to be an astronaut.
所以14岁时我辍学高中 So I dropped out of high school when I was 14
我出海满世界捕鱼 and headed out to sea and fished the globe.
鳕鱼 蟹 吞拿鱼 你能想到的我都捞 Cod, crab, tuna- - you name it, I fished it.
我不断捕捞 问题是 As I moved through, the problem was,
当时捕鱼行业处在巅峰 I was fishing at the height of the industrial fishery
整个生态系统都被破坏了 tearing up whole ecosystems, you know,
我们现在很了解 the things that we know now.
但我在 白令海的时候 But when I was in- - out in the Bering Sea,
加拿大纽芬兰的鳕鱼市场崩盘了 the cod stocks crashed in Newfoundland, Canada.
那真是一记警钟 And that was such a wake- up call
因为我以为环保主义 because I thought environmentalism
关心的是鸟啊 蜜蜂啊 熊啊什么的 was about birds and bees and bears.
亲眼看到30000人丢了饭碗 And to see 30, 000 people thrown out of work,
渔夫像饿死鬼一样游荡在街头 fishermen walking the streets like hungry ghosts,
数百年来 an economy built up
积累的渔业经济和文化 and a culture built up over hundreds of years
然后你意识到 around a fishery, you realize, like,
噢 这不仅仅是环境 "Oh, this isn't about the environment
这关乎整个经济 温饱问题 "This is about the economies, the kitchen- table issue.
海里没鱼就没法提供工作 This is that there will be no jobs on a dead ocean. "
布伦的经历让他转向海洋种植 Wallach: Bren's path led him to ocean farming,
现在他种植海带 训练上百位 where he now grows kelp and trains hundreds 636BF
和他一样的渔民 以全新的视角 of other fishermen just like him to look at the ocean ti 636Bs
看待海洋 in a whole new way.
在日渐担忧陆地农业的时代 In a time of growing concern around land- based agriculture,
他发现海洋潜力尚未被开发 he sees untapped potential here at sea.
我可能还会再来 Smith: I might come in again here.
看情况吧 罗恩 Let's see, Ron.
我种植这片水域 So I've been farming this patch of water
已经快20年了 for almost 20 years.
你眼前的是 And what you're looking here at
10英亩的海带农场 is 10 acres of kelp farm.
农场边缘有锚固定着 So we have anchors on the side of the farm
剩下都是一排排海草 and then just rows of crop.
海草就在大概 And the kelp is sitting about, you know,
海面以下6到7英尺的地方 6, 7 feet below the surface.
作为农民我们要干的是 And our job as farmers is just to get
让海草有适当的日照和营养 the right amount of sunlight and nutrients
好好生长 in order to grow.
我们得关心种植深度 播种时间 So we care about the depth and what time of year
种植温度 we're planting, what temperature.
所以就这么简单 So it's just simple as can be.
我还希望能更复杂点 You know, I wish it was more complicated.
还能显得我聪明点 I'd seem smarter.
但重点是 But the idea is,
在海洋上工作时 when you're working with the ocean,
你得见机行事 you need to be a willow, not an oak.
你需要的是 And you need to be something
可以轻松拆卸和重装的 that you can remove and rebuild real easily.
罗恩 就现在 Ron, now- -
嘿 罗恩 这儿压力有点大 Hey, Ron, we got a lot of pressure right here.
好了 让我清理一下 Here we go. Now let me clean it.
好 搞定了 All right. There we go.
我们要做的是 So what we're going to do is,
抓一丛海带 you're just going to grab a clump
沿着手抓的地方割 with your hand here and cut along.
但尽量别 别割到绳子 But try to- - don't cut the rope.
所以宁愿割低点 So I'd rather you go below.
把它提起来 And just lift it on high.
好了好了 我再割点 OK. OK. Do some more here.
我要剪断它 I'm just going to cut.
海带的优势是它有很多用途 Smith: The power of kelp is that it has so many uses.
比如 是的 它可食用 我们也应该食用 Like, yes, we can eat it, and we should eat it,
它将成为一个很重要的食材 and it's going to be the center of the plate,
因为价格会很便宜 because it's going to be affordable.
我们能让它变好吃 We can make it delicious
在食物方面能发挥的很多 There's so much creativity in the food sector.
它能用于生物刺激剂 You can use it for biostimulants
肥料 陆地农业饲料 and fertilizer and land- based ag for feed,
化妆品 制药 cosmetics, pharmaceuticals.
生物塑料行业也不容忽视 Bioplastics is a huge industry now.
主打的就是打破陆地和海洋种植之间 The idea is really to break down this sea wall
这层海洋隔阂 between land and sea farming.
海水中的营养物质 根本数不清 Nutrients are in the waters- - too much of it- -
比如磷 氮 碳 like phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon,
这些元素 all this sort of stuff.
它利用植物收集的 It's collected, use plants to do it,
吸收回体内 然后用作 bring it back, and use it
肥料 生物刺激剂 for fertilizers, biostimulants,
这类东西 things like that
因为这些微量元素 because there are all these micronutrients
能被用于苹果果园 that apple orchards need,
鲜花农场 这些 flower farms, all this sort of stuff,
陆生植物 that it just is very accessible
能很好地吸收它们 to the land- based plants.
以前的人类利用海洋的做法是 Wallach: The old story, in terms of humans and the sea is
出海 获取我们需要的东西 we go out there, we take what we want.
尽可能快速大量获取这些东西 We take as much as we want as quickly as we want.
然后回陆上 消耗这些东西 And then go back to land, and we consume it.
那新的做法呢 What's the new story?
这是个很棒的问题 I think it's a great question.
我们未来确实需要新做法 对吧 Like, we do need a story for the future, right?
最重要的 我觉得这点 The biggest thing- and I think this
经常在讨论气候时被忽视 gets missed in the climate discussion a lot- -
是文化上得有转变 is that there needs to be a cultural transition.
你得考虑 比如 人们的动机 And you need to think about, like, what motivates people.
什么充满意义 让人们早上愿意起床 What fills their soul and gets them up in the morning?
这跟钱没多大关系 This isn't necessarily about money.
那时 我还是个小孩时 我 And that moment, when I was a kid, and, like,
想当个渔夫 因为他们能 wanted to be a fisherman because they had
掌控自己生活 还有 self- directed lives and the pricle
喂饱社会的这种自豪感 of feeding their communities,
这就是我们要深入想的 that's what we need to tap into.
这是人们的动机 That's what motivates folks.
作为海草农民 是的 我不得不放弃 And as a kelp farmer, yeah, I've had to say good- bye
巨浪航行和追逐鱼群 to rogue waves and chasing fish.
但我欣然接受 But what I can embrace- -
我有自己的船 I own my own boat.
成败我说了算 I succeed and fail on my own terms.
我得同时当 工程师 科学家 I got to be, like, an engineer, a scientist,
农民 这些 a farmer, all this sort of stuff at once.
我得喂饱我身边这群人 And I get to feed the folks around me.
这工作充满意义 These are soul- filling jobs.
这是我们和渔夫们讨论的 And that's the discussion we have with fishermen.
就好像说 是 我们都得放弃某些事 Like, yes, we all have to say good- bye to some things.
但我们真的理解让我们 But do we get the core of what makes us
每个早晨起来的动机吗 wake up every morning?
只有这样你最终才能建立起 And that's how you build an army of innovation
革新的大军 蓝领革新 at the end of the day, a blue- collar innovation.
说实话 得把路子搞清 And quite honestly, you get the politics right.
如果能想明白 Like, if you can tap into that,
怎么让大家觉得 where people see themselves
自己与解决办法密不可分 as part of the solution,
才会有创新的水准 then the level of innovation
知识网络 分 享什么的 and knowledge networks and sharing and stuff,
我觉得这样才能向更好的未来转变 I think that's where we transition to a better future.
因为你想让成百万的人 Because you just want millions of minds
都意识到这点 trying to figure this out.
但你得深入人心才能做到 But you got to tap into the soul to do that.
有时会感觉我们做的不算什么 Zaidi: Sometimes it can feel like what we do doesn't really
或没给正在到来的未来什么帮助 amount to anything or doesn't add to the bigger picture that
或我们没有能力在现实 is unfolding or that we don't have the ability to enact
实现这些改变 change in the real world.
但事实上 行为再微小都有帮助 But the fact is that every little action does add up.
我们忍不住会设想这样的美好未来 The desire to talk about these wonderful things in the future
比如 噢 可持续发展 that like, oh, we'll have sustainability,
平等 公正 we'll have equity, we'll have justice,
这些我们都想看到 we'll have all of these things,
但我们该做的是从未来借鉴这些想法 what we need to do is borrow those ideas from the future
然后想想 我们当今 and think about, like, how we're
怎么实现这些目标 going to implement them today.
如果你希望这里在20年后有一棵树 If you want a tree to grow 20 years from now,
你现在就得播种 you have to plant a physical seed to get that tree.
你想看到哪样的未来 What sort of future do you want?
现在能采取什么措施 And what's the action you can take
让想象的那种未来成真呢 right now to enable that future to become a reality?
现在为更好的未来埋下种子 Wallach: This idea of planting seeds right now
这个想法是对我们所有人的 for better futures is an invitation
请函 不管我们身处何方 to all of us , no matter where we are.
来到印度东北部的丛林 Here in the jungles of northeast India,
我来会见一个正致力于此的人 I came to meet someone who is doing just that,
他开展着一项保护工作 leading a conservation effort to challenge
挑战他的族人对正在构建的未来的看法 how his community thinks about the futures they are building.
我叫晨星·孔托
我经营着一个叫生命之桥的组织
我们主要工作是保护
修复和重建
印度梅加拉亚邦 卡西和雅尼沙县的传统建筑
多年来 我读到过这些了不起的 Wallach: For years, I read bout these extraordinary,
自然生长的桥梁 无花果树根 natural- grown bridges, where ficus tree roots
被训练长成活的十字路口 are trained to grow into living crossings,
它们能保留数百年 联系起丛林间 lasting for hundreds of years, connecting the villages
各个村落 throughout the jungle.
晨星主导着保护这些桥梁 Morningstar leads the effort to preserve these bridges,
与它们共存 这是一种古老的思考现代发展和 and with them, an ancient way of thinking about
过往之间联系的方式 modern progress and the past.
根之桥有点像梅加拉亚邦
战斗民族卡西族的先祖 构建的根结构
构建根之桥 Khongthaw: Building a root bridge is, like,
起源能追溯到1000年前 a 1, 000- year- old traditional knowledge.
起源是他们开始建竹桥和木桥
但他们觉得这两种桥没法持久
他们发现无花果树的根部比它们更坚韧
它们和树根相互缠绕
所以他们管这叫根之桥
那跟我说说根之桥吧 Wallach: So give me some facts about the root bridges.
有多少座呢 How many of them are there?
最长的是哪座 What are the longest one?
最高的是哪座 What are the highest ones?
梅加拉亚邦共有超过100座桥
所以整个地方大概有120或130座
世界上最长的根之桥在我的村落
长度达到175英尺
我们也有最高的 大概90英尺这么高
我们正计划建一座3层的桥
有别人来这里 There are others who are coming in
然后说 不错啊 and saying, "That's nice,
但我们能用混凝土浇筑桥 but we can make a bridge with concrete. "
有没有对你 What's the threat to you,
对你的生活方式 your way of life,
还有对你的想法产生威胁的 and really your way of thinking
当这些桥 when these bridges
在你村落里建好的时候 kind of go up in your community?
看到混凝土桥取代根之桥
是件很难过的事 它缺乏想象力
缺乏思考 还缺乏可持续发展的知识
你们好吗 请坐吧 How are you? Sit down, please.
请坐下 请坐 Please, sit down. Yes, please sit down.
除了展开桥梁工作 Wallach: In addition to his work on the bridges,
晨星走遍这地区 和学校里的学生们 Morningstar travels to speak with students in schools
谈话 鼓励他们发现并保护 around the region, encouraging them to find and protect
这些能解决现今和未来 nature- based solutions to the problems
都在威胁社会的问题的 facing the communities here today
大自然的策略 and in the years to come.
美国 纽约
这些传统教会我们很多道理 There's so much we can learn from these traditions,
世界各地 人们开始 as around the world, people are beginning
重新发觉这些天然的策略 to rediscover that natural solutions
效果极好 can have profound results.
纽约市周边有正在进行的项目 There are projects under way around New York City
力图恢复牡蛎礁 to restore oyster reefs that offset
以抵消海岸线的侵蚀 erosion along the shorelines.
在中国的一些城市 And in cities across China
有在进行的项自让红树林 there's work being done to enable mangroves
变成天然海堤 to serve as natural seawalls, preventing
防止大城市洪水泛滥 flooding around major cities.
这不是一时之计 This is not a quick fix.
开展这些项目 这些根之桥的人 And the people who start these projects, these root bridges,
知道他们做的不仅为了自己 know they are doing something that is not just for them,
更为了他们后代 甚至 but it's going to be for their kids and even- -
数百年后的人 hundreds of years out.
所以我们 很多方面 在向 So we're, in many ways, saying
社会展现 to both of our communities,
我们要一起合力干段时间了 "We're going to be in this together for a while. "
它展现了社会间的隐形纽带
不管谁走在根之桥上 他们能感受到
并和我们祖先建立纽带
有这样一座桥给我们走
如果你只考虑短期影响
那你只选择不费劲的事
但考虑长期影响 你就有动力
有未来期望 有更多见闻
开始制作纪录片时 我想着 Wallach: When we started this, I was thinking
很多对话 that so many of the conversations
估计会以科技为主题 would somehow revolve around technology.
但当我谈到人们做的事 And yet as I talk about what people are working on,
他们想看到的未来 what do they want to see happen in futures,
他们谈的更多是人性 they talk about being human again.
让我最惊讶的是 And what's most surprising to me
人们渴望做出这些决定 is the desire to kind of start making
决定给后代留下什么 some decisions about what do we want to leave behind
决定怎么弥补 and what do we want to start creating
我们失去的东西 more of that we've lost.
是什么 此时此刻 给你希望 What, right now, gives you hope?
这是个很棒的问题 因为太容易了 Hershfield: This is a wonderful question because it's so easy.
我们很容易只能看到当今的厄运和黑暗 It's so easy to only see doom and gloom out there.
就算身处厄运黑暗中 Even if we consider the doom and gloom,
日子也在继续 time still marches on.
时间流逝不可避免 There's no stopping the progress of time.
所以它给了我希望 思考我们过去怎么做的 So it gives me hope to consider how we've done things
让现在更美好 in the past to make the present better
我们现在能怎么做 and what we might be able to do now to make
让未来也一样更好 the future better, as well.
无论时空 我们都很渺小 Tyson: We are small in time and in space,
我们参与着宇宙事件的 participating in a great unfolding
伟大展开 of cosmic events,
记住文明是宝贵的 a reminder that civilization is precious,
生命无价 life is precious.
我们现在竭尽全力保护它 We should do everything we can to preserve it
我们才有机会 in this one moment we have
体会宇宙的壮丽 to experience the glory of this universe.
大自然给予我希望 Nature give me hope
因为当你观察 because when you look at the things
发生的事 立法 战争 happening in the world, the legislative, the war,
斗争 冲突 and the fighting, the clash,
竞争 抗议 the rivalry, the protests,
它们都是关于 嗯 人性的 it's about, you know- about human beings.
对我来说 大自然最重要的是 So, for me, the most important thing about nature
如何看待它给了我希望 give me hope because the way you see nature,
从大自然中学习是很棒的 you know, it's a good thing to learn from nature.
所以去和大自然接触 就坐在那 So just go to nature and sit there.
看看动物 看看蚂蚁啊 鸟啊 蜜蜂啊 See the animals. See the ants. See the birds. See the bees.
从它们身上学学 然后再回来 Just learn from them, and then come back.
你的人生会因此改变 It will change your life.
我们能从零开始建一些 Smith: You know, we can build something from the bottom up
为之自豪的 很美丽的事物 然后 that we're proud of that's beautiful that we can, like,
我们能指着这刻 然后说 point to this moment being, like,
瞧 这是我们为你建的 "Yeah, we built something to hand to you.
为你开展的 现在该你接手了 We started this for you. Now you continue it. "
10个世纪后 当我们翻开 Saijo: 10 centuries later, when we open up
某些历史书 a kind of history book,
想象一下 是我们这代人 imagine, then, are we the people
亲手毁了整个地球吗 who destroyed our entire Earth?
瞧 这就是为什么 我们食物短缺 That's the reason why, see, we are short of food,
能源短缺 we are short of energy
我们不想成这种祖先 对吧 We don't want to be that kind of ancestor, right?
请想想怎么迎接未来 Saijo: Please think about embracing our future.
这是我想传达的 That's my message.
人类历史上头一次 Wallach: For the first time in human history,
我们要应对一系列事件 we are now grappling with a set of issues,
一系列我们必做的决定 a set of decisions that we have to make that will have
它们将对智人 对我们人类物种 long- term consequences for Homo sapiens, for our species,
对地球产生长远影响 and for this planet.
我们要想知道未来可能走向何处 If we want to think about where we might be able to go
会发生什么 还有想看到什么样的世界 tomorrow, what could happen, and what do we want to see happen.
回望过去 并把我们自己看作更宏大的 it's important for us to be able to kind of look
主体的一部分 这很重要 back and see ourselves as part of something much larger.
如果我们真心想前行 If we really want to move forward,
我们必须得关心 we have to be curious about what
这些不同的可能和未来会是什么样 those different forwards and those futures could look like.